/*
 * @(#)Element.java	1.8 10/03/23
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2006, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * ORACLE PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
 */

package javax.lang.model.element;


import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
import java.lang.annotation.AnnotationTypeMismatchException;
import java.lang.annotation.IncompleteAnnotationException;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;

import javax.lang.model.element.Modifier;
import javax.lang.model.type.*;
import javax.lang.model.util.*;


/**
 * Represents a program element such as a package, class, or method.
 * Each element represents a static, language-level construct
 * (and not, for example, a runtime construct of the virtual machine).
 *
 * <p> Elements should be compared using the {@link #equals(Object)}
 * method.  There is no guarantee that any particular element will
 * always be represented by the same object.
 *
 * <p> To implement operations based on the class of an {@code
 * Element} object, either use a {@linkplain ElementVisitor visitor} or
 * use the result of the {@link #getKind} method.  Using {@code
 * instanceof} is <em>not</em> necessarily a reliable idiom for
 * determining the effective class of an object in this modeling
 * hierarchy since an implementation may choose to have a single object
 * implement multiple {@code Element} subinterfaces.
 *
 * @author Joseph D. Darcy
 * @author Scott Seligman
 * @author Peter von der Ah&eacute;
 * @version 1.8 10/03/23
 * @see Elements
 * @see TypeMirror
 * @since 1.6
 */
public interface Element {

    /**
     * Returns the type defined by this element.
     *
     * <p> A generic element defines a family of types, not just one.
     * If this is a generic element, a <i>prototypical</i> type is
     * returned.  This is the element's invocation on the
     * type variables corresponding to its own formal type parameters.
     * For example,
     * for the generic class element {@code C<N extends Number>},
     * the parameterized type {@code C<N>} is returned.
     * The {@link Types} utility interface has more general methods
     * for obtaining the full range of types defined by an element.
     *
     * @see Types
     *
     * @return the type defined by this element
     */
    TypeMirror asType();

    /**
     * Returns the {@code kind} of this element.
     * 
     * @return the kind of this element
     */
    ElementKind getKind();

    /**
     * Returns the annotations that are directly present on this element.
     *
     * <p> To get inherited annotations as well, use
     * {@link Elements#getAllAnnotationMirrors(Element) getAllAnnotationMirrors}.
     *
     * @see ElementFilter
     * 
     * @return the annotations directly present on this element;
     *		an empty list if there are none
     */
    List<? extends AnnotationMirror> getAnnotationMirrors();

    /**
     * Returns this element's annotation for the specified type if
     * such an annotation is present, else {@code null}.  The
     * annotation may be either inherited or directly present on this
     * element.
     *
     * <p> The annotation returned by this method could contain an element
     * whose value is of type {@code Class}.
     * This value cannot be returned directly:  information necessary to
     * locate and load a class (such as the class loader to use) is
     * not available, and the class might not be loadable at all.
     * Attempting to read a {@code Class} object by invoking the relevant
     * method on the returned annotation
     * will result in a {@link MirroredTypeException},
     * from which the corresponding {@link TypeMirror} may be extracted.
     * Similarly, attempting to read a {@code Class[]}-valued element
     * will result in a {@link MirroredTypesException}.
     *
     * <blockquote>
     * <i>Note:</i> This method is unlike others in this and related
     * interfaces.  It operates on runtime reflective information &mdash;
     * representations of annotation types currently loaded into the
     * VM &mdash; rather than on the representations defined by and used
     * throughout these interfaces.  Consequently, calling methods on
     * the returned annotation object can throw many of the exceptions
     * that can be thrown when calling methods on an annotation object
     * returned by core reflection.  This method is intended for
     * callers that are written to operate on a known, fixed set of
     * annotation types.
     * </blockquote>
     *
     * @param <A>  the annotation type
     * @param annotationType  the {@code Class} object corresponding to
     *		the annotation type
     * @return this element's annotation for the specified annotation
     *         type if present on this element, else {@code null}
     *
     * @see #getAnnotationMirrors()
     * @see java.lang.reflect.AnnotatedElement#getAnnotation
     * @see EnumConstantNotPresentException
     * @see AnnotationTypeMismatchException
     * @see IncompleteAnnotationException 
     * @see MirroredTypeException
     * @see MirroredTypesException
     */
    <A extends Annotation> A getAnnotation(Class<A> annotationType);

    /**
     * Returns the modifiers of this element, excluding annotations.
     * Implicit modifiers, such as the {@code public} and {@code static}
     * modifiers of interface members, are included.
     *
     * @return the modifiers of this element, or an empty set if there are none
     */
    Set<Modifier> getModifiers();

    /**
     * Returns the simple (unqualified) name of this element.
     * The name of a generic type does not include any reference
     * to its formal type parameters.
     * For example, the simple name of the type element
     * {@code java.util.Set<E>} is {@code "Set"}.
     * If this element represents an unnamed package, an empty name is
     * returned.  If it represents a constructor, the name "{@code
     * <init>}" is returned.  If it represents a static initializer,
     * the name "{@code <clinit>}" is returned.  If it represents an
     * anonymous class or instance initializer, an empty name is
     * returned.
     *
     * @return the simple name of this element
     */
    Name getSimpleName();

    /**
     * Returns the innermost element
     * within which this element is, loosely speaking, enclosed.
     * <ul>
     * <li> If this element is one whose declaration is lexically enclosed
     * immediately within the declaration of another element, that other
     * element is returned.
     * <li> If this is a top-level type, its package is returned.
     * <li> If this is a package, {@code null} is returned.
     * <li> If this is a type parameter, {@code null} is returned.
     * </ul>
     *
     * @return the enclosing element, or {@code null} if there is none
     * @see Elements#getPackageOf
     */
    Element getEnclosingElement();

    /**
     * Returns the elements that are, loosely speaking, directly
     * enclosed by this element.  
     *
     * A class or interface is considered to enclose the fields,
     * methods, constructors, and member types that it directly
     * declares.  This includes any (implicit) default constructor and
     * the implicit {@code values} and {@code valueOf} methods of an
     * enum type.
     * 
     * A package encloses the top-level classes and interfaces within
     * it, but is not considered to enclose subpackages.
     *
     * Other kinds of elements are not currently considered to enclose
     * any elements; however, that may change as this API or the
     * programming language evolves.
     *
     * <p>Note that elements of certain kinds can be isolated using
     * methods in {@link ElementFilter}.
     *
     * @return the enclosed elements, or an empty list if none
     * @see Elements#getAllMembers
     * @jls3 8.8.9 Default Constructor
     * @jls3 8.9 Enums
     */
    List<? extends Element> getEnclosedElements();

    /**
     * Returns {@code true} if the argument represents the same
     * element as {@code this}, or {@code false} otherwise.
     *
     * <p>Note that the identity of an element involves implicit state
     * not directly accessible from the element's methods, including
     * state about the presence of unrelated types.  Element objects
     * created by different implementations of these interfaces should
     * <i>not</i> be expected to be equal even if &quot;the same&quot;
     * element is being modeled; this is analogous to the inequality
     * of {@code Class} objects for the same class file loaded through
     * different class loaders.
     *
     * @param obj  the object to be compared with this element
     * @return {@code true} if the specified object represents the same
     *		element as this
     */ 
    boolean equals(Object obj);

    /**
     * Obeys the general contract of {@link Object#hashCode Object.hashCode}.
     *
     * @see #equals
     */
    int hashCode();

    /**
     * Applies a visitor to this element.
     *
     * @param <R> the return type of the visitor's methods
     * @param <P> the type of the additional parameter to the visitor's methods
     * @param v   the visitor operating on this element
     * @param p   additional parameter to the visitor
     * @return a visitor-specified result
     */
    <R, P> R accept(ElementVisitor<R, P> v, P p);
}
